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Nuclear imaging tests involve injecting radioactive substances (called radionuclides, such as thallium) into the bloodstream. Scanning techniques and computer-generated images then enable the mapping of these substances in the heart. These techniques can show how well the heart muscle is supplied with blood, how well the heart chambers or muscle are working, or identify heart muscle damaged by a heart attack.
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) involves the injection of a radioactive tracer followed by taking a series of pictures around the chest. Computer graphics are then used to create images of slices through the heart. SPECT can be done at rest or during exercise- or drug-induced stress, and is useful for locating areas of CAD and the extent and severity of blood flow abnormalities.
Positron emission tomography (PET) combines tomographic imaging with radionuclide tracers. Special tracers are used that provide detailed information about heart tissue and blood function. This technique is useful for accurately detecting, localizing and describing CAD.